Cosmos Operations & Governance

 1# Create proposal JSON
 2cat > proposal.json <<EOF
 3{
 4  "title": "Enable IBC Transfer",
 5  "description": "This proposal enables IBC transfer module for cross-chain transactions",
 6  "deposit": "10000000uatom"
 7}
 8EOF
 9
10# Submit proposal
11gaiad tx gov submit-proposal \
12  --title "Enable IBC Transfer" \
13  --description "This proposal enables IBC transfer module" \
14  --type Text \
15  --deposit 10000000uatom \
16  --from mykey \
17  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
18  --gas auto \
19  --gas-adjustment 1.5 \
20  --fees 5000uatom
21
22# Alternative: Submit from JSON file
23gaiad tx gov submit-legacy-proposal \
24  --proposal proposal.json \
25  --from mykey \
26  --chain-id cosmoshub-4

 1# Create param change proposal
 2cat > param-change.json <<EOF
 3{
 4  "title": "Increase Max Validators",
 5  "description": "Increase the maximum number of validators from 125 to 150",
 6  "changes": [
 7    {
 8      "subspace": "staking",
 9      "key": "MaxValidators",
10      "value": "150"
11    }
12  ],
13  "deposit": "10000000uatom"
14}
15EOF
16
17# Submit parameter change proposal
18gaiad tx gov submit-legacy-proposal param-change param-change.json \
19  --from mykey \
20  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
21  --gas auto \
22  --fees 5000uatom

 1cat > community-spend.json <<EOF
 2{
 3  "title": "Fund Development Team",
 4  "description": "Allocate 100,000 ATOM to development team",
 5  "recipient": "cosmos1abc...",
 6  "amount": "100000000000uatom",
 7  "deposit": "10000000uatom"
 8}
 9EOF
10
11gaiad tx gov submit-legacy-proposal community-pool-spend community-spend.json \
12  --from mykey \
13  --chain-id cosmoshub-4

 1# List all proposals
 2gaiad query gov proposals
 3
 4# Query specific proposal
 5gaiad query gov proposal 42
 6
 7# Query proposal status
 8gaiad query gov proposal 42 --output json | jq '.status'
 9
10# Query votes on proposal
11gaiad query gov votes 42
12
13# Query your vote
14gaiad query gov vote 42 cosmos1abc...

 1# Vote options: yes, no, abstain, no_with_veto
 2gaiad tx gov vote 42 yes \
 3  --from mykey \
 4  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
 5  --gas auto \
 6  --fees 5000uatom
 7
 8# Vote with reason (SDK v0.46+)
 9gaiad tx gov vote 42 yes \
10  --from mykey \
11  --metadata "I support this proposal because..." \
12  --chain-id cosmoshub-4
13
14# Weighted vote (SDK v0.43+)
15gaiad tx gov weighted-vote 42 \
16  yes=0.6,no=0.3,abstain=0.1 \
17  --from mykey \
18  --chain-id cosmoshub-4

1# Add deposit to reach minimum
2gaiad tx gov deposit 42 10000000uatom \
3  --from mykey \
4  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
5  --gas auto \
6  --fees 5000uatom
7
8# Query deposits
9gaiad query gov deposits 42

 1# Create upgrade proposal JSON
 2cat > upgrade-proposal.json <<EOF
 3{
 4  "title": "Upgrade to v10.0.0",
 5  "description": "This proposal upgrades the chain to v10.0.0 with new features",
 6  "plan": {
 7    "name": "v10",
 8    "height": "12345000",
 9    "info": "https://github.com/cosmos/gaia/releases/tag/v10.0.0"
10  },
11  "deposit": "10000000uatom"
12}
13EOF
14
15# Submit software upgrade proposal
16gaiad tx gov submit-legacy-proposal software-upgrade v10 \
17  --title "Upgrade to v10.0.0" \
18  --description "Upgrade chain to v10.0.0" \
19  --upgrade-height 12345000 \
20  --upgrade-info '{"binaries":{"linux/amd64":"https://github.com/cosmos/gaia/releases/download/v10.0.0/gaiad-v10.0.0-linux-amd64"}}' \
21  --deposit 10000000uatom \
22  --from mykey \
23  --chain-id cosmoshub-4
24
25# Query upgrade plan
26gaiad query upgrade plan

1gaiad tx gov submit-legacy-proposal cancel-software-upgrade \
2  --title "Cancel v10 Upgrade" \
3  --description "Cancel the v10 upgrade due to critical bug" \
4  --deposit 10000000uatom \
5  --from mykey \
6  --chain-id cosmoshub-4

1# Create multisig account (2-of-3)
2gaiad keys add multisig1 \
3  --multisig key1,key2,key3 \
4  --multisig-threshold 2
5
6# Show multisig address
7gaiad keys show multisig1 -a
8
9# Example output: cosmos1abc123...

 1# Create unsigned transaction
 2gaiad tx bank send \
 3  cosmos1multisig... \
 4  cosmos1recipient... \
 5  1000000uatom \
 6  --from cosmos1multisig... \
 7  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
 8  --gas 200000 \
 9  --fees 5000uatom \
10  --generate-only > unsigned.json
11
12# View unsigned transaction
13cat unsigned.json

 1{
 2  "body": {
 3    "messages": [
 4      {
 5        "@type": "/cosmos.bank.v1beta1.MsgSend",
 6        "from_address": "cosmos1multisig...",
 7        "to_address": "cosmos1recipient...",
 8        "amount": [{"denom": "uatom", "amount": "1000000"}]
 9      }
10    ],
11    "memo": "",
12    "timeout_height": "0",
13    "extension_options": [],
14    "non_critical_extension_options": []
15  },
16  "auth_info": {
17    "signer_infos": [],
18    "fee": {
19      "amount": [{"denom": "uatom", "amount": "5000"}],
20      "gas_limit": "200000",
21      "payer": "",
22      "granter": ""
23    }
24  },
25  "signatures": []
26}

 1# Signer 1 signs the transaction
 2gaiad tx sign unsigned.json \
 3  --from key1 \
 4  --multisig cosmos1multisig... \
 5  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
 6  --output-document key1-signature.json
 7
 8# Signer 2 signs the transaction
 9gaiad tx sign unsigned.json \
10  --from key2 \
11  --multisig cosmos1multisig... \
12  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
13  --output-document key2-signature.json
14
15# Signer 3 signs (optional for 2-of-3)
16gaiad tx sign unsigned.json \
17  --from key3 \
18  --multisig cosmos1multisig... \
19  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
20  --output-document key3-signature.json

 1# Collect signatures (need 2 out of 3)
 2gaiad tx multisign unsigned.json multisig1 \
 3  key1-signature.json \
 4  key2-signature.json \
 5  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
 6  --output-document signed.json
 7
 8# Verify the multisig transaction
 9gaiad tx validate-signatures signed.json
10
11# Broadcast the signed transaction
12gaiad tx broadcast signed.json \
13  --chain-id cosmoshub-4

1# Install Cosmovisor
2go install cosmossdk.io/tools/cosmovisor/cmd/cosmovisor@latest
3
4# Verify installation
5cosmovisor version

 1# Create Cosmovisor directory structure
 2mkdir -p ~/.gaia/cosmovisor/genesis/bin
 3mkdir -p ~/.gaia/cosmovisor/upgrades
 4
 5# Directory layout:
 6# .gaia/
 7# └── cosmovisor/
 8#     ├── genesis/
 9#     │   └── bin/
10#     │       └── gaiad
11#     └── upgrades/
12#         ├── v9/
13#         │   └── bin/
14#         │       └── gaiad
15#         └── v10/
16#             └── bin/
17#                 └── gaiad

1# Copy current binary to genesis
2cp $(which gaiad) ~/.gaia/cosmovisor/genesis/bin/
3
4# Verify
5~/.gaia/cosmovisor/genesis/bin/gaiad version

 1# Set environment variables
 2export DAEMON_NAME=gaiad
 3export DAEMON_HOME=$HOME/.gaia
 4export DAEMON_ALLOW_DOWNLOAD_BINARIES=false
 5export DAEMON_RESTART_AFTER_UPGRADE=true
 6export DAEMON_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE=512
 7
 8# Add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc
 9cat >> ~/.bashrc <<EOF
10export DAEMON_NAME=gaiad
11export DAEMON_HOME=\$HOME/.gaia
12export DAEMON_ALLOW_DOWNLOAD_BINARIES=false
13export DAEMON_RESTART_AFTER_UPGRADE=true
14EOF

 1# Download new version
 2wget https://github.com/cosmos/gaia/releases/download/v10.0.0/gaiad-v10.0.0-linux-amd64
 3
 4# Create upgrade directory
 5mkdir -p ~/.gaia/cosmovisor/upgrades/v10/bin
 6
 7# Copy binary
 8cp gaiad-v10.0.0-linux-amd64 ~/.gaia/cosmovisor/upgrades/v10/bin/gaiad
 9chmod +x ~/.gaia/cosmovisor/upgrades/v10/bin/gaiad
10
11# Verify
12~/.gaia/cosmovisor/upgrades/v10/bin/gaiad version

 1# Create systemd service
 2sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/cosmovisor.service > /dev/null <<EOF
 3[Unit]
 4Description=Cosmovisor daemon
 5After=network-online.target
 6
 7[Service]
 8User=$USER
 9ExecStart=$(which cosmovisor) run start
10Restart=always
11RestartSec=3
12LimitNOFILE=4096
13Environment="DAEMON_NAME=gaiad"
14Environment="DAEMON_HOME=$HOME/.gaia"
15Environment="DAEMON_ALLOW_DOWNLOAD_BINARIES=false"
16Environment="DAEMON_RESTART_AFTER_UPGRADE=true"
17
18[Install]
19WantedBy=multi-user.target
20EOF
21
22# Reload systemd
23sudo systemctl daemon-reload
24
25# Enable service
26sudo systemctl enable cosmovisor
27
28# Start service
29sudo systemctl start cosmovisor
30
31# Check status
32sudo systemctl status cosmovisor
33
34# View logs
35sudo journalctl -u cosmovisor -f

1# Test upgrade manually
2cosmovisor run start --home ~/.gaia
3
4# Check current version
5cosmovisor run version
6
7# After upgrade height
8# Cosmovisor automatically switches to new binary

 1# Create unsigned vote transaction
 2gaiad tx gov vote 42 yes \
 3  --from cosmos1multisig... \
 4  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
 5  --generate-only > vote-unsigned.json
 6
 7# Sign by multiple parties
 8gaiad tx sign vote-unsigned.json \
 9  --from key1 \
10  --multisig cosmos1multisig... \
11  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
12  --output-document vote-sig1.json
13
14gaiad tx sign vote-unsigned.json \
15  --from key2 \
16  --multisig cosmos1multisig... \
17  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
18  --output-document vote-sig2.json
19
20# Combine and broadcast
21gaiad tx multisign vote-unsigned.json multisig1 \
22  vote-sig1.json vote-sig2.json \
23  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
24  --output-document vote-signed.json
25
26gaiad tx broadcast vote-signed.json

1# Create delegation transaction
2gaiad tx staking delegate \
3  cosmosvaloper1abc... \
4  1000000uatom \
5  --from cosmos1multisig... \
6  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
7  --generate-only > delegate-unsigned.json
8
9# Follow same signing process as above

 1# Check account sequence
 2gaiad query auth account cosmos1multisig...
 3
 4# If sequence mismatch, recreate transaction with correct sequence
 5gaiad tx bank send ... \
 6  --sequence 42 \
 7  --generate-only > unsigned.json
 8
 9# Verify multisig configuration
10gaiad keys show multisig1 --multisig-threshold
11
12# Check signature validity
13gaiad tx validate-signatures signed.json
14
15# Simulate transaction before broadcasting
16gaiad tx simulate signed.json

 1# Check Cosmovisor status
 2cosmovisor version
 3
 4# List available upgrades
 5ls -la ~/.gaia/cosmovisor/upgrades/
 6
 7# Check current binary
 8cosmovisor run version
 9
10# Manual upgrade test
11DAEMON_NAME=gaiad cosmovisor run start --home ~/.gaia
12
13# View upgrade info
14gaiad query upgrade plan