Path Integral Formulation

Feynman's Principle

Quantum amplitude is sum over all possible paths:

$$ \langle x_f|e^{-iHt/\hbar}|x_i\rangle = \int \mathcal{D}[x(t)] e^{iS[x]/\hbar} $$

Where $S[x]$ is the classical action:

$$ S[x] = \int_0^t L(x, \dot{x}, t') dt' $$

Key Idea

  • Classical mechanics: One path (least action)
  • Quantum mechanics: All paths contribute
  • Paths near classical path contribute most

Applications

  • Quantum field theory
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Quantum computing

Further Reading

Related Snippets