Comprehensive backend interview questions covering APIs, databases, microservices, distributed systems, and performance optimization. Overview Backend development encompasses: API Design: REST, GraphQL, gRPC Databases: SQL, NoSQL, transactions, optimization Microservices: Architecture, communication, scaling …

Easy-level backend interview questions covering HTTP, REST APIs, databases, and server fundamentals. Q1: What is REST and what are its principles? Answer: REST Principles 1. Stateless: Each request contains all information needed 2. Client-Server: Separation of concerns 3. Cacheable: Responses can be cached 4. Uniform …

Sequence diagrams show interactions between different components over time. Perfect for documenting API calls, system interactions, and message flows. Use Case Use sequence diagrams when you need to: Document API interactions Show message passing between components Visualize request/response flows Map out system …

Buf commands, project structure, and code generation patterns for Protocol Buffers. Based on real-world project structure. Installation 1# Install buf 2# macOS 3brew install bufbuild/buf/buf 4 5# Linux 6curl -sSL "https://github.com/bufbuild/buf/releases/latest/download/buf-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o …

FastAPI with automatic OpenAPI documentation using Pydantic models and docstrings. Installation 1pip install fastapi uvicorn[standard] 2pip install python-multipart # For form data Basic FastAPI App 1from fastapi import FastAPI 2 3app = FastAPI( 4 title="My API", 5 description="API documentation", 6 …

Flask web framework essentials for building web applications and APIs. Installation 1pip install flask 2 3# With extensions 4pip install flask flask-sqlalchemy flask-migrate flask-login flask-wtf flask-cors Basic Flask App 1from flask import Flask 2 3app = Flask(name) 4 5@app.route('/') 6def hello(): 7 …

Useful Google protobuf packages for APIs, gRPC, and common patterns. googleapis Common Google API definitions. Installation 1# Using buf 2buf dep update 3 4# Add to buf.yaml 5deps: 6 - buf.build/googleapis/googleapis google.type Common types for APIs. 1import "google/type/date.proto"; 2import …

Pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints. Installation 1pip install pydantic 2 3# With email validation 4pip install 'pydantic[email]' 5 6# With dotenv support 7pip install 'pydantic[dotenv]' Basic Usage 1from pydantic import BaseModel 2 3class User(BaseModel): 4 id: int 5 name: str 6 email: …