Lossless vs Lossy Lossless: Perfect reconstruction (ZIP, PNG, FLAC) Lossy: Approximate reconstruction (JPEG, MP3, H.264) Huffman Coding Optimal prefix-free code for known symbol probabilities. 1import heapq 2from collections import Counter 3 4def huffman_encoding(data): 5 """Build Huffman tree and encode …

Foundational concepts and mathematical tools of information theory, including entropy, compression, and channel capacity.