Easy-level protocol and design interview questions covering fundamental concepts. Q1: What is a network protocol and why is it important? Answer: Definition: A set of rules and conventions for communication between network entities. Why Important: Standardization: Different systems can communicate Interoperability: …

Easy-level system design interview questions covering fundamental system design concepts and simple applications. Q1: Design a URL shortener (like bit.ly). Answer: Requirements Shorten long URLs to short codes Redirect short URLs to original Track click statistics High availability High-Level Design Database Schema URL …

Filter Types Type Passband Stopband Transition Butterworth Flat Monotonic Moderate Chebyshev I Ripple Monotonic Sharp Chebyshev II Flat Ripple Sharp Elliptic Ripple Ripple Sharpest Design Workflow Specify requirements: Passband, stopband, ripple, attenuation Choose filter type: FIR vs IIR, Butterworth vs Chebyshev, …