DSHOT is a digital ESC protocol. When used bidirectionally, it feeds motor RPM back to the flight controller, enabling the RPM filter — the single biggest improvement to motor noise rejection in modern Betaflight tunes. For the byte-level view of how the frames and eRPM telemetry are encoded on the wire, see DSHOT on …

DSHOT is the digital FC-to-ESC protocol. Every PID loop the flight controller sends a fixed-length frame carrying a throttle value plus a checksum; in bidirectional mode the ESC answers on the same wire with its electrical RPM. This is the byte-level view — what actually travels down the signal wire. For the tuning …

A duct (shroud) around a propeller changes how air enters and exits the disk — and significantly changes efficiency, thrust-to-size ratio, and handling. Tiny whoops (Mobula, BetaFPV Meteor — 1S, 65–75 mm) and larger ducted cinewhoops (BetaFPV's 2.2" Pavo20, 3S) use ducts primarily for prop protection, but the …

ExpressLRS (ELRS) is an open-source RC link protocol known for ultra-low latency and long range. Two critical settings must match between transmitter module (TX) and receiver (RX): regulatory domain and bind phrase. Regulatory Domain: FCC vs LBT (ELRS/CE) ELRS firmware is compiled for a specific radio regulatory domain …

An ELRS link is really two protocols back to back: an RF air protocol between the handset's TX module and the receiver, and a CRSF serial protocol between the receiver and the flight controller. Setup (bind phrase, domain) lives in ELRS Configuration; the OSD numbers live in RC Telemetry. This snippet is the wire- and …

ESC PWM frequency controls how often the ESC updates the power delivered to the motor. Higher frequency = smoother power delivery, lower frequency = less heat but coarser control. What PWM Frequency Does The ESC uses PWM to modulate the voltage applied to each motor phase. The frequency determines how many times per …

Failsafe is what happens when the RC link dies mid-flight. Without correct configuration, a link-loss event sends the quad flying away at full throttle or drops it like a stone. Neither is good. Two-Stage Failsafe Betaflight uses a two-stage system: flowchart TD A([RC signal<br/>lost]) --> B{Stage 1<br/>guard time} B …

A single-page reference for the acronyms and terms that fill every FPV forum post and Discord server. Organized by domain so related terms stay together. Hardware Abbreviations Acronym Full name What it does FC Flight Controller The brain — runs Betaflight/INAV, reads gyro, outputs motor commands ESC Electronic Speed …

Choosing a video system determines image quality, latency, range, and cost. There is no universal best — each system has a place. Analog How it works: Camera outputs composite video; VTX (video transmitter) broadcasts it on 5.8 GHz. Receiver decodes the analog RF directly. Pros: Lowest latency (sub-ms RF link; ~3–7 ms …

GPS Rescue is Betaflight's return-to-home failsafe. When triggered (link loss, low battery, or manual activation), the quad climbs to a configured altitude and flies back to where it armed. Prerequisites GPS module connected and assigned to a UART (enable GPS in the Ports tab for that UART) 6+ satellite lock before …

Betaflight and INAV are both open-source FC firmware. They share some code history but have diverged into distinct tools with different strengths. The wrong choice for a GPS build results in either a frustrating experience or wasted capability. Core Philosophy flowchart LR BF[Betaflight] -->|Optimised for| M1[Manual …

Matching motor KV to prop size is the single most important factor in build efficiency and motor longevity. The goal: keep tip speed in the efficient range and keep motor temperature reasonable. Prop Tip Speed Propeller tip speed is the velocity at which the blade tip moves through the air. As tip speed approaches the …

LiPo batteries are the most maintenance-sensitive component in an FPV build. Misuse kills them fast or causes fires. Cell Voltage State Voltage per cell Fully charged 4.20 V Nominal 3.70 V Storage 3.80–3.85 V Low cutoff 3.50 V Dead / damaged < 3.30 V Never discharge below 3.5 V per cell under load. Set your FC …