Minimize $f(x)$. Gradient Descent $$ x_{k+1} = x_k - \alpha \nabla f(x_k) $$ 1def gradient_descent(f, grad_f, x0, alpha=0.01, tol=1e-6, max_iter=1000): 2 x = x0 3 for i in range(max_iter): 4 grad = grad_f(x) 5 if np.linalg.norm(grad) < tol: 6 break 7 x = x - alpha * grad 8 return x SciPy 1from scipy.optimize import …