Homomorphic encryption allows computation on encrypted data without decryption, enabling privacy-preserving computations. Core Idea Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables operations on ciphertexts that correspond to operations on plaintexts: $$\text{Decrypt}(E(m_1) \odot E(m_2)) = m_1 \circ m_2$$ where: $E(m)$ is the …