DSHOT is the digital FC-to-ESC protocol. Every PID loop the flight controller sends a fixed-length frame carrying a throttle value plus a checksum; in bidirectional mode the ESC answers on the same wire with its electrical RPM. This is the byte-level view — what actually travels down the signal wire. For the tuning …

An ELRS link is really two protocols back to back: an RF air protocol between the handset's TX module and the receiver, and a CRSF serial protocol between the receiver and the flight controller. Setup (bind phrase, domain) lives in ELRS Configuration; the OSD numbers live in RC Telemetry. This snippet is the wire- and …

Easy-level protocol and design interview questions covering fundamental concepts. Q1: What is a network protocol and why is it important? Answer: Definition: A set of rules and conventions for communication between network entities. graph TB A[Protocol] --> B[Defines Format<br/>Message structure] A --> C[Defines …

Hard-level protocol and design interview questions covering advanced distributed systems and protocol design. Q1: Design a custom protocol for real-time multiplayer gaming. Answer: graph TB A[Game Protocol<br/>Requirements] --> B[Low Latency<br/><50ms] A --> C[Reliability<br/>Critical events] A --> …

Medium-level protocol and design interview questions covering advanced networking and distributed systems concepts. Q1: Explain HTTP/2 improvements over HTTP/1.1. Answer: graph TB A[HTTP/2<br/>Improvements] --> B[Multiplexing<br/>Multiple streams] A --> C[Header Compression<br/>HPACK] A --> D[Server Push<br/>Proactive …

Packet diagrams visualize network packet structures and protocol layers. Perfect for documenting network protocols, packet formats, and communication protocols. Use Case Use packet diagrams when you need to: Document network protocols Show packet structures Visualize protocol layers Explain packet formats Design …