Approximate $\int_a^b f(x) dx$. Trapezoidal Rule 1from scipy.integrate import trapezoid, simpson, quad 2 3# Trapezoidal 4result = trapezoid(y, x=x) 5 6# Simpson's rule 7result = simpson(y, x=x) 8 9# Adaptive quadrature (best) 10result, error = quad(f, a, b) Further Reading Numerical Integration - Wikipedia