Wave Function State of a quantum system: $$ |\psi\rangle = \sum_i c_i |i\rangle $$ Normalization: $\langle\psi|\psi\rangle = 1$ Born Rule Probability of measuring state $|i\rangle$: $$ P(i) = |\langle i|\psi\rangle|^2 = |c_i|^2 $$ Expectation Value $$ \langle A \rangle = \langle\psi|\hat{A}|\psi\rangle $$ Uncertainty …